Every step you take relies on the structure of your feet. The arch of the foot plays a vital role in supporting your body weight and maintaining balance. When that natural arch is missing or collapsed, a condition known as flatfoot or pes planus, it can lead to discomfort, posture changes, and mobility challenges over time.
At OAA Orthopaedic Specialists, we provide expert podiatry and orthopaedic care for individuals with flatfoot and other foot conditions throughout Allentown, Bethlehem, Lehighton, and the greater Lehigh Valley. Our board-certified specialists combine advanced diagnostics, custom orthotics, and personalized treatment plans to help patients move comfortably and confidently.
Understanding how flatfoot vs. normal foot mechanics differ is the first step to maintaining lifelong foot health.
Understanding the Foot’s Structure
Normal Foot Anatomy
A normal foot has a visible arch formed by bones, tendons, and ligaments that work together to support body weight and absorb shock. This arch acts as a spring, distributing pressure evenly across the foot while walking or running. The three key arches, medial, lateral, and transverse, help stabilize movement and alignment from the ground up.
People with normal arches typically have:
- Even weight distribution
- Proper alignment from the ankles to the knees and hips
- Minimal strain on muscles and tendons
What Is Flatfoot (Pes Planus)?
Flatfoot, medically known as pes planus, occurs when the arch collapses and the entire sole touches the ground. This can be flexible (arch visible when sitting but not when standing) or rigid (arch absent in all positions).
In most cases, flatfoot develops due to:
- Genetic predisposition
- Weakness or injury of the posterior tibial tendon, which supports the arch
- Arthritis, obesity, diabetes, or age-related wear
- Overuse or repetitive strain from high-impact activity
Flatfoot is common in both children and adults, and while many live without symptoms, others experience pain, stiffness, or fatigue after long periods of standing or walking.
Flat Foot vs. Normal Foot: The Biomechanical Difference
How Flatfoot Affects Posture and Gait
A healthy arch acts like a suspension bridge, keeping your posture balanced and joints aligned. When the arch collapses:
- The foot rolls inward (overpronation).
- Knees and hips rotate to compensate.
- Weight distribution shifts unevenly, causing strain in the ankles, legs, and back.
Over time, these changes can lead to chronic pain, inflammation, and fatigue. Normal feet, on the other hand, maintain neutral alignment, reducing stress on surrounding joints.
Flat feet can make walking less efficient because your muscles and tendons work harder to support each step, leading to quicker exhaustion and soreness.
Common Misconceptions About Flatfoot
Myth 1: Flat Feet Always Cause Pain
Not everyone with flat feet experiences discomfort. Some people are symptom-free for years, while others develop issues depending on lifestyle, footwear, and activity level. Pain typically arises when the structure of the foot begins to affect posture or gait.
Myth 2: Flat Feet Can’t Be Treated
Modern pes planus treatment offers a range of options, from custom orthotics and bracing to physical therapy and surgical correction. Early intervention can prevent long-term complications and often eliminates the need for surgery.
Myth 3: Flat Feet Are Only a Cosmetic Issue
Flat feet are far more than an aesthetic concern. They can influence your posture, stability, and overall joint health, especially when left untreated.
The Long-Term Effects of Untreated Flatfoot
Without proper care, flat foot vs. normal foot alignment can lead to ongoing musculoskeletal problems. Common complications include:
- Posterior tibial tendon dysfunction (PTTD): Progressive tendon damage that worsens the arch collapse
- Plantar fasciitis: Inflammation of the connective tissue along the sole
- Arthritis: Accelerated wear in the ankle or midfoot joints due to poor alignment
- Shin splints or knee pain: From overcompensating leg muscles
- Back and hip pain: Caused by improper posture over time
At OAA Orthopaedic Specialists, early diagnosis and conservative management are key to preventing these issues.
Identifying Flatfoot in Children and Adults
In Children
It’s normal for babies and toddlers to have flat feet because their arches develop with age. Most children form normal arches by age six. However, if your child complains of foot or leg pain, walks awkwardly, or seems to tire easily, it’s worth a professional evaluation.
In Adults
Adults may develop flat feet due to injury, weight gain, or tendon degeneration. Signs include:
- Arch or heel pain that worsens after activity
- Swelling near the inner ankle
- A foot that turns outward when standing
- Uneven shoe wear patterns
If left unaddressed, these symptoms can progress and limit mobility.
Diagnosis: How Specialists Identify Flatfoot
At OAA Orthopaedic Specialists, our podiatrists and orthopaedic physicians use a combination of physical exams and imaging tests to diagnose flat feet vs. arched feet.
Evaluation may include:
- Visual inspection while standing and walking
- Imaging (X-rays or MRI) to assess bone and tendon structure
- Gait analysis to measure motion and balance
This detailed assessment ensures that each patient receives a personalized treatment plan that addresses both the symptoms and the root cause.
Treatment Options to Restore Mobility and Reduce Pain
1. Conservative Management
Most patients find relief through non-surgical treatments, including:
- Custom orthotics or shoe inserts: Support the arch and correct alignment.
- Stretching and strengthening exercises: Focus on calf and foot muscles to stabilize the arch.
- Supportive footwear: Shoes with firm midsoles and arch support reduce strain.
- Physical therapy: Improves strength and flexibility in the lower leg.
- Weight management: Reduces pressure on the foot’s structures.
Our podiatry team specializes in flatfoot correction, plantar fasciitis, and tendon injuries, ensuring each patient receives a tailored plan that restores both comfort and mobility. These conservative approaches are the first step in achieving lasting results.
2. Advanced or Surgical Treatments
If conservative methods are not effective, surgical options may be recommended. Procedures can involve tendon repair, joint fusion, or realignment to restore proper arch function.
OAA’s orthopaedic and podiatry teams collaborate to ensure that each patient receives the least invasive, most effective approach possible.
Preventive Tips for Maintaining Healthy Arches
- Choose supportive footwear—avoid completely flat shoes or flip-flops.
- Stretch regularly, especially your calves and arches.
- Monitor your gait—uneven wear on shoes may signal alignment issues.
- Address symptoms early—pain or swelling should never be ignored.
- Maintain a healthy weight—extra pounds increase stress on your arches.
These simple steps can go a long way in preventing future discomfort or injury.
Take the First Step Toward Healthier Feet
Your feet are the foundation of your movement, and when that foundation weakens, your entire body feels the strain. Understanding the difference between flat feet vs. normal feet helps you make informed choices about your health. Early diagnosis, proper support, and professional guidance can restore comfort and confidence in every step you take. At OAA Orthopaedic Specialists, our expert team provides comprehensive podiatric and orthopaedic care to restore balance, reduce pain, and improve mobility across the Lehigh Valley.
Don’t wait for symptoms to worsen. Get the personalized care you deserve today. Call (610) 973-6200 or book an appointment to schedule your consultation in the Lehigh Valley.
Frequently Asked Questions
Is flatfoot serious?
Not always. Many people have flat feet without pain. However, if you notice swelling, stiffness, or discomfort, you should see a podiatrist.
Can flat feet be corrected?
Yes. Treatments such as custom orthotics, bracing, and strengthening exercises can relieve symptoms. Severe cases may require surgery.
What causes flat feet?
Flat feet can be inherited or develop from tendon injury, obesity, arthritis, or prolonged stress on the feet.
Flat foot vs. normal foot – which is better?
Neither is inherently “better.” However, normal arches distribute weight more efficiently and reduce strain on joints.
How do I know if I have flatfoot?
If your entire foot touches the floor when standing and you feel inner-ankle pain, you may have flatfoot. A podiatrist can confirm this with a simple exam.
